Sonography Principles and Instruments 9th Edition Kremkau TEST BANK
Test Bank for Sonography Principles and Instruments 9th Edition by Kremkau, ISBN-10: 0323322719, ISBN-13: 9780323322713
Chapter 01: Introduction
Kremkau: Sonography Principles and Instruments, 9th Edition
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Diagnostic ultrasound transducers generate a ________ of sound into the body.
a. wave
b. pulse
c. frequency
d. Doppler
ANS: B
Diagnostic ultrasound transducers generate the ultrasound pulses and receive the returning pulses.
REF: p. 2 OBJ: Explain the fundamental principle used in sonographic imaging.
TOP: Pulse wave
2. The brightness of the dot corresponds to the ________ of the returning echo.
a. location
b. speed
c. strength
d. angle
ANS: C
The brightness of the dot corresponds to the echo strength, producing what then is known as a gray-scale image.
REF: pp. 2-5 OBJ: Explain the fundamental principle used in sonographic imaging.
TOP: Pulse wave
3. A rectangular image display is seen when using a ________ transducer.
a. sector
b. vector
c. convex
d. linear
ANS: D
Pulses (scan lines) travel from different points parallel with each other, displaying a rectangular image.
REF: p. 5 OBJ: Describe the image formats used in sonography.
TOP: Pulse wave
4. The location of each dot corresponds to the ________ of the echo to return.
a. strength
b. time
c. pulse
d. frequency
ANS: B
The location of each dot corresponds to the anatomic location of the echo-generating structure.
REF: p. 5 OBJ: Explain the fundamental principle used in sonographic imaging.
TOP: Pulse wave
5. The method by which each pulse originates from the same starting point is called a ________ image.
a. sector
b. linear
c. convex
d. none of the above
ANS: A
A sector image results when each pulse originates from the same starting point and subsequent pulses going out in different directions.
REF: p. 5 OBJ: Describe the image formats used in sonography.
TOP: Pulse wave
6. Sonographic images are composed of many ________.
a. crystals
b. scan lines
c. focal points
d. frequency shifts
ANS: B
Sonographic images are composed of many scan lines (pulses).
REF: p. 7 OBJ: Explain the fundamental principle used in sonographic imaging.
TOP: Pulse wave
7. Echoes produced by ________ objects have different ________ than the pulses sent into the body.
a. stationary; frequencies
b. stable; directions
c. moving; frequencies
d. moving; echoes
ANS: C
Echoes produced by moving objects have different frequencies than the pulses sent into the body.
REF: p. 7 OBJ: Explain how the Doppler effect is applied to sonography.
TOP: Doppler ultrasound
8. Doppler ultrasound measures the movement of ________.
a. tissue
b. blood
c. A and B
d. none of the above
ANS: C
Doppler ultrasound is used in detecting and measuring tissue motion and blood flow.
REF: p. 7 OBJ: Explain how the Doppler effect is applied to sonography.
TOP: Doppler ultrasound
9. Quantitative data are determined by which Doppler display?
a. Color imaging.
b. Power imaging.
c. B-mode (gray-scale, or brightness) imaging.
d. Spectral imaging.
ANS: D
Doppler information is applied to loudspeakers for audible evaluation and to the spectral display for quantitative analysis.
REF: p. 8 OBJ: List the ways in which Doppler information is presented.
TOP: Doppler ultrasound
10. The Doppler effect is a change in echo ________.
a. frequency
b. strength
c. amplitude
d. direction
ANS: A
The Doppler effect is a change in frequency caused by moving objects.
REF: p. 7 OBJ: Explain how the Doppler effect is applied to sonography.
TOP: Doppler ultrasound
11. Vertical parallel scan lines are seen with which transducer format?
a. vector.
b. convex.
c. linear.
d. curvilinear.
ANS: C
A linear transducer generates vertical parallel scan lines.
REF: p. 5 OBJ: Describe the image formats used in sonography.
TOP: Pulse wave
12. A gray-scale ultrasound image is the visible counterpart of a/an ________.
a. frequency shift
b. spectral display
c. invisible object
d. electronic wave
ANS: C
An ultrasound image is the visible counterpart of an invisible object, produced in an electronic instrument by the interaction of ultrasound with the object.
REF: pp. 1-2 OBJ: Explain the fundamental principle used in sonographic imaging.
TOP: Pulse wave
13. A ________ scan is shaped like a slice of pie.
a. sector
b. convex
c. linear
d. curvilinear
ANS: A
A sector image is shaped like a slice of pie.
REF: p. 5 OBJ: Describe the image formats used in sonography.
TOP: Pulse wave
14. Sonography is medical anatomic imaging using a ________ technique.
a. starting point
b. pulse echo
c. vertical parallel
d. transducer instrument
ANS: B
Anatomic imaging with ultrasound is accomplished by the pulse-echo principle.
REF: p. 2 OBJ: Explain the fundamental principle used in sonographic imaging.
TOP: Pulse wave
15. Three-dimensional imaging requires many adjacent tissue ________ to build the image.
a. moving objects
b. frequency shifts
c. cross-sections
d. ultrasound pulses
ANS: C
Three-dimensional, or volume, imaging requires scanning the ultrasound through many adjacent two-dimensional tissue-cross-sections to build up a three-dimensional volume of echo information.
REF: p. 7 OBJ: Describe the image formats used in sonography.
TOP: Pulse wave
TRUE/FALSE
1. One pulse of ultrasound generates a single scan line as it travels through tissue.
ANS: T
One line of echo information (pulse) is equal to one scan line.
REF: p. 5 OBJ: Explain the fundamental principle used in sonographic imaging.
TOP: Pulse wave
2. Pulsed ultrasound transducers can generate only ultrasound pulses.
ANS: F
The transducer generates the ultrasound pulses and receives the returning echoes.
REF: p. 2 OBJ: Explain the fundamental principle used in sonographic imaging.
TOP: Pulse wave
3. The Doppler effect is caused by a difference in the depth of two moving objects.
ANS: F
The Doppler effect is a change in frequency caused by moving objects.
REF: p. 7 OBJ: Explain how the Doppler effect is applied to sonography.
TOP: Doppler ultrasound
4. Animals have applied ultrasound to detect and capture prey.
ANS: T
Bats, dolphins, and other animals use ultrasound to detect, locate, determine motion of, and capture prey; to avoid obstacles; to detect and avoid predators; and to court mates.
REF: p. 1 OBJ: Explain the fundamental principle used in sonographic imaging.
TOP: General ultrasound physics
5. Color Doppler imaging is superimposed on a gray-scale image.
ANS: T
Rapid scanning and processing of the Doppler data enable color-coded presentation of Doppler information to be superimposed on a gray-scale anatomic image.
REF: pp. 7-8 OBJ: Explain how the Doppler effect is applied to sonography.
TOP: Doppler ultrasound